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Terry Sawchuk’s face was bashed over and over, but not all at one time. His wounds healed. The scars weren’t easily seen – except for a few of them. The re-creation of his injuries was done to help show the extent of his injuries over a span of years. Sawchuk had sustained other injuries not shown here: a slashed eyeball requiring three stitches, a 70% loss of function in his right arm because 60 bone chips were removed from his elbow, and a permanent “sway-back” caused by continual bent-over posture....

Croppers were assigned a plot of land to work, and in exchange owed the owner a share of the crop at the end of the season, usually one half. The owner provided the tools and farm animals . Farmers who owned their own mule and plow were at a higher stage, and were called tenant farmers: They paid the landowner less, usually only a third of each crop. In both cases, the farmer kept the produce of gardens....

Conflicts over these issues intersected with longstanding disagreements in the Lebanese political elite, and in parts of the population, over the sectarian division of power, national identity, social justice, and Lebanon’s strategic alliances. During 15 years of fighting, around 90,000 people lost their lives, according to the most reliable statisticians, Labaki and Abou Rjeily (1994). However, it is possible that the real number exceeds 100,000. Of the 90,000 killed, close to 20,000 are individuals who were kidnapped or disappeared, and who must be assumed dead as they have not been accounted for....

Even though it was one of the richest countries, many neighborhoods, especially in London, were very poor. Around 35 percent of Londoners lived in poverty by the end of the 1800s. When Henry Mayhew, a social reformer, visited the slums of Victorian London, he was shocked. He described how the water in front of the houses was covered in a layer of dirt and grease. He also saw piles of garbage along the edges, and said the air smelled like a graveyard....

But the 1970s? That decade still had the music, the sex, and the drugs, but those came with ugly hair, bell bottoms, weird color combinations, big collars, strange fashion senses. None of that was cool. Especially men’s fashion, it was all ugly. The 1970s men’s fashion shown through these vintage photos is so ugly and disastrous. Men’s clothing made from shiny spandex, hip-hugging bell-bottom pants, unmanaged chest hair, bright leisure suits, skimpy short shorts, and questionable underwear choices....

The book included nine photographs printed on glossy paper. Eight of the photographs were credited. One is not. It shows a man wearing a tie and an unbuttoned jacket standing in front of a circle of ragged children and one apparent adult with something in his hand. The caption reads: “A Turkish official taunting starving Armenians with bread“. A cursory glance is enough to show there is something wrong with this photo....

With continental Europe under German control, and Great Britain under devastating air attack, President Franklin Roosevelt decided to increase the pace of production to provide ships to America’s British allies. The result was the emergency fleet program, which introduced the assembly-line production of standardized ships – the Liberty ships – in 1941. The Liberty ship represented the design solution that would fill the need for an emergency type of simple, standardized cargo steamer....

Mao called on China’s youth to help him purge capitalist influences and bourgeois thinking in government, teaching, the media, and arts, and to reinvigorate the revolutionary spirit. Calling themselves The Red Guards, radical students set out to destroy the “four olds”: old ideas, customs, habits, and culture. They spearheaded the interrogation, humiliation, and beatings of teachers and intellectuals, and traveled the country destroying cultural heritage. During the Cultural Revolution, traditional artists were condemned as counter-revolutionaries and their work was destroyed....

This came nearly three years after the Supreme Court ruled public school segregation unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education. Counts was dropped off on her first day of school by her father, along with their family friend Edwin Thompkins. As their car was blocked from going closer to the front entrance, Edwin offered to escort Counts to the front of the school while her father parked the car. As she got out of the car to head down the hill, her father told her, “Hold your head high....

In 1941 he was a young man ready to start his creative life as an artist when Germany attacked the Soviet Union and he had to join the Army. Four years later, the difference in his face is striking. A thin and tired face, deep wrinkles, a troubled stare, this man was completely changed after witnessing 4 years of a no-rule war on the Eastern Front. Evgeny Stepanovich Kobytev was born on December 25, 1910, in the village of Altai....

Bloody Sunday was a series of killings of members of the German minority that took place at the beginning of World War II. On September 3, 1939, two days after the beginning of the German invasion of Poland, highly controversial killings occurred in and around Bydgoszcz (German: Bromberg), a Polish city with a sizable German minority. The number of casualties and other details of the incident are disputed among historians....

Between 1820 and 1920, approximately 34 million immigrants came to this country, and New York City was by the far the most popular destination. By 1910, immigrants and their American-born children accounted for more than 70 percent of New York City’s population. As steamships sailed to Ellis Island, the Statue of Liberty greeted them, her inscription calling out, “Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free....

Demographic studies reported that in developed countries such as the United States, teenage pregnancy results in lower educational attainment, increased rates of poverty, and worse “life outcomes” for children of teenage mothers compared to children of young adult women. The pictures shown in this article chronicled the day-to-day lives of teen moms and moms-to-be in the typical southern California town of Azusa in 1971. It was originally published as a cover story in Life magazine and it was titled “Help for High School Mothers”....

Considered one of the most successful combat generals in U.S. history, General George S. Patton was a devoted dog lover. While leading troops during World War II, Patton was looking to get an English bull terrier puppy. The dog was originally named ‘Punch’ and the story was that he was the pet of an RAF pilot who sometimes took ‘Punch’ on bombing missions. When the pilot did not return from a mission, his wife sold the dog....

It was opened by Lulu de Montparnasse in the Montmartre area, which at that time was the main gathering place for Parisian lesbians. As historian Florence Tamagne explains, lesbians during that time were often found sitting together at Montmartre’s “outdoor cafes or dancing at the Moulin Rouge”. As for Le Monocle, “All the women there dressed as men, in Tuxedos, and wore their hair in a bob”. The person in the first photo (right) is Violette Morris, a French weightlifting champion who had a double mastectomy....

That means that every human that lived up to the point of this photo being taken still exists, at least in some form, and every human that has been born since then was also is in this photo, at least in some form. So even if you were born after this picture was taken, the materials you’re made from are still on the frame of this picture. For his second and final mission in space, Collins served as command module pilot for Apollo 11....

Coal dust produced a greasy dirt, which could only be removed by washing and rinsing several times. Daily warm showers were actually a luxury at the time, none of these people had showers or bathtubs at home. Traditionally you would have a buddy who would wash your back and then you would do his, making sure not a spot was missed. Somehow it was a symbol of the comradeship and trust between the miners....

On September 12, 1916, a hobo named Walter Eldridge, nicknamed Red because of his rusty-colored hair, was hired as an assistant elephant trainer by the Sparks World Famous Shows circus. A drifter who had been with the circus only a day, he had no experience of handling elephants, but the only qualification required was the ability to wield an ‘elephant stick’ — a rod with a sharp spear at one end....

In the early and mid-20th century, picnics were a popular way for families and friends to come together, share food, and create memories in the great outdoors. Fortunately, we have a glimpse of what those moments were like through the vintage photographs that were captured. The word “picnic” is believed to have originated from the French word “pique-nique”, which referred to a communal meal where each guest brought a dish to share....

Imagine a city with a history as rich and complex as Jerusalem’s. This ancient city, revered by three major religions, has been at the center of countless wars and conquests throughout the centuries. Each new era brought new rulers, new cultures, and new conflicts, shaping the city into what it is today. One of the most significant changes in Jerusalem’s history occurred in 1948 with the establishment of Israel. Since then, the city has been a point of contention, claimed by both Israel and Palestine, divided between Muslims and Jews, and caught in the crossfire of a decades-long conflict....